ID Number		904
Study Type		In Vivo
Model		42, 61 GHz (CW) exposure to mice and analysis of immune function and cancer.
Details		BalbC mice were initially exposed head first to 61 GHz (CW) at a peak SAR of 420 W/kg for 20 min/day on 3 consecutive days following anesthesia with isoflurane and ketamine. Exposure was performed using a Russian made G4-142 signal generator. Following exposures, the mice were treated with cyclophosphamide (CPA). Maximal heating of the skin did not exceed 1.6 degrees. Initial studies reported that exposure partially reversed the CPA inhibition of macrophage phagocytotic activity, but did not have a statistically significant effect on the CPA-induced inhibition of spleenic T-cell proliferation (as measured by 3H-Thymidine uptake following anti-CD3 stimulation). Early studies using the same mouse model and exposure at SARs of up to 42 W/kg reported increased duration of ketamine and chloral hydrate anesthesia by 50% (as measured by the length of time until loss of righting reflex). The effect was also blocked by naloxone treatment, suggesting opioid involvement. In subsequent studies, female SKH1 hairless mice were exposed without anesthesia to either 42 or 53 GHz mm waves at peak SARs up to 850 W/kg for 30 minutes per day for 3 days using Russian YAV-1 generators. Exposure at SARs above ~300 W/kg resulted in an enhancement of DNCB-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction but had no effect on irritant contact sensitivity (induced by topical TPA administration). In subsequent studies, BalbC mice were exposed without anesthesia to 42 GHz mm waves at 622 W/kg for between 1 and 3 days, 30 minutes per day head first in a restraint apparatus and again treated with cyclophosphamide (CPA). CPA alone decreased body weight, leukocyte counts and bone marrow cellularity, and suppressed T-cell mediated immunity in DNCB-induced delayed hypersensitivity reactions. Exposure also significantly augmented the proliferation recovery process of T cells (splenocytes) following CPA treatment, and increased levels of interferon-gamma (but not IL-10) suggesting an enhancement of effector function of CD4+ T cells through a Th1 type of immune response. In subsequent studies using exposures as above and SARs of 100-800 W/kg peak in the skin, the authors report mm wave exposure did not provide additional therapeutic effects when combined with CPA, but did reduce lung metastasis caused by CPA treatment in mice. mm waves also significantly reversed the CPA-induced increase in NF-kB, which is thought to contribute to drug resistance, and significantly increased T-cell proliferation but did not increase B-cell proliferation or IL-10 production. The authors suggest the effects are due to an activation of NK cells and stimulation of T-cell immunity.
Findings		Effects
Status		Completed With Publication
Principal Investigator		Temple University, Philadelphia PA, USA
Funding Agency		Private/Instit.
Country		UNITED STATES
References		Makar, VR et al. Bioelectromagnetics, (2006) 27:458-466 Makar, VR et al. Bioelectromagnetics., (2005) 26:10-19 Logani, MK et al. Electromagnetic Biol Med, (2006) 25:23-27 Logani, MK et al. Bioelectromagnetics, (2006) 27:258-264 Logani, MK et al. Bioelectromagnetics, (2004) 25:516-523 Makar, V et al. Bioelectromagnetics., (2003) 24:356-365 Logani, MK et al. Bioelectromagnetics, (2002) 23:614-621 Logani, MK et al. Electro. Magnetobiol., (1999) 18:165-176 Logani, MK et al. Electromagn. Biol. Med., (2002) 21:303-308 Vijayalaxmi, et al. Radiat. Res., (2004) 161:341-345 Logani, MK et al. J Cell Sci Ther., (2011) S5:002-
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