ID Number		673
Study Type		In Vivo
Model		970, 2450 MHz (CW) exposure to mice, rats (fetal and pup stages) and analysis of teratogenic and developmental effects
Details		CD rats (pregnant dams) were exposed to 970-MHz (CW) RF for 22 hrs/day from day 0-19 of gestation at SARs from 0.7-4.8 W/kg (whole body average) in a waveguide. Exposure at 0.7 and 2.4 W/kg did not effect pregnancy rate, fetal number, fetal weight, fetal skeletal maturation, or preimplantation loss, although exposure at 4.8 W/kg did result in lower body weights in the fetuses and dams. In related studies (Teratology (1984) 30:393-402; Health Phys (1984) 46:537-542; Bioelectromagnetics (1982) 3:285-291; Health Phys (1978) 35:791-801), CD-1 mice (pregnant dams) exposed to 2450 MHz (CW) MW for 100 min/day at high SARs (between 16-22 W/kg) reduced fetal weight, brain weight, and sternal ossification. No other teratogenic effects were observed. No teratogenic effects were observed at SARs ~4-5 W/kg (Health Phys (1978) 35:791-801; Health Physics (1978) 33:661; J Microw Power (1981) 16:9-13). Similar studies with pregnant hamsters (J Microw Power (1982)17:107-112) exposed to 2450 MHz MW for 100 minutes/day at SARs of 9 W/kg during gestation increased fetal resorption and in decreased in body weight and skeletal maturity. In other studies performed using 2450 MHz (CW) exposures, CD-1 mice and CD rats were exposed to 2450 MHz (CW) MW for 24 hours at SARs up to 6.94 W/kg (mice) and 3.5 W/kg (rats) in an anechoic chamber. The lethal dose for mice and rats was dependent upon exposure level and duration. The required LD50 exposure level and/or duration was significantly reduced at higher environmental temperatures. When the germ cells of Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to 2450 MHz (CW) at SARs of ~ 1-4 W/kg (depending upon the age of the rat) for 4 hours/day for ~ 1 month either during either juvenile or adult age, no significant effect of MW exposure was observed on reproductive ability or germline mutations (Bioelectromagnetics (1980) 1:65-76). At the highest levels of exposure (thermal), transient sterility was observed as evidenced by fewer pregnancies. Exposure did not result in any significant differences in body weight, organ weight, or sperm count.
Findings		Effects (only at thermal levels)
Status		Completed With Publication
Principal Investigator		EPA, USA
Funding Agency		EPA, USA
Country		UNITED STATES
References		Berman, E et al. Electro- Magnetobiology, (1992) 11:43-54 Berman, E et al. J Appl Toxicol, (1985) 5:23-32 Berman, E et al. Teratology, (1984) 30:393-402 Berman, E et al. Health Physics, (1984) 46:537-542 Berman, E et al. Bioelectromagnetics, (1982) 3:285-291 Berman, E et al. J Microwave Power, (1982) 17:107-112 Berman, E et al. J. Microwave Power, (1981) 16:9-13 Berman, E et al. Bioelectromagnetics, (1980) 1:65-76 Berman, E et al. Health Phys., (1978) 35:791-801 Berman, E Report # EPA-600/8-83-026A, J.A. Elder, D.Cahill (eds), (1984) :5.29-5.42
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