ID Number		661
Study Type		In Vitro
Model		9.2 GHz (AM-16 Hz) exposure to frog heart pacemaker preparations and analysis of beating rate
Details		Isolated and perfused hearts from frogs were exposed to 9.2 GHz (CW or PW-1.0 usec width at 65-110 kW peak power). Exposure resulted in reversible increases in the inter-beat interval of the pacemaker rhythm. The authors attributed this effect entirely to microwave heating. In earlier studies, isolated frog heart preparations were exposed to pulsed 915 or 885 MHz at SARs of 100  3000 W/kg. Effects (increased twitch rate, decreased amplitude) were observed when the average microwave power was high enough to induce heating of 0.1-0.4 degree C. Similar changes could be induced by equivalent conventional heating. The effects of propranolol or atropine were not affected by MW exposure, although the effects of caffeine (increasing avg beat rate) was augmented by MW exposure at a level of heating(0.1 degree C) that by itself might not account for the detected changes.
Findings		Effects (only at thermal levels)
Status		Completed With Publication
Principal Investigator		USAF Research Lab, Brooks AF Base, USA - andrei.pakhomov@brooks.af.mil
Funding Agency		AF, USA
Country		UNITED STATES
References		Pakhomov, AG et al. Bioelectromagnetics, (2000) 21:245-254 Pakhomov, AG et al. Bioelectromagnetics, (1995) 16:241-249 Pakhomov, AG et al. Bioelectromagnetics, (1995) 16:250-254
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