ID Number		559
Study Type		In Vitro
Model		2.45, 8.5 GHz, UWB (CW, PW) exposure to MonoMac-6 (acute monocytic leukemia) cells and analysis of NFkB expression
Details		MonoMac-6 cells were exposed to high peak pulse 8.2 GHz (PW-2.2 usec pulse width, 1000 pps, peak ratio 455:1) at an SAR of 10.8 +/- 7.1 W/kg (at the bottom of the flask) in the far field using a horn antenna. Increases in the DNA binding activity of NFkB were reported. Temperature of the cultures was reported to remain continuous at 37 degrees. No effects on exposed cell inflammatory cytokine levels (IL-1 and TNF-alpha) were detected, however, suggesting that the downstream effects of increased NFkB binding did not result in an activated inflammatory response. In an earlier presentation at the 22nd annual Bioelectromagnetics (2000) meeting in Munich, the authors reported similar data using 2450 MHz (CW) and 8.2 GHz exposures (PW) for 90 minutes at SARs of 1, 2.5, and 5 W/kg in the far field using a horn antenna. In a related study using a similar model with an UWB exposure (PW - pulse width 0.79 ± 0.01 ns, 250 pps) for 90 minutes followed by a 24 hour recovery were reported to again have 3.5 ± 0.2-fold increase in the NFKB DNA-binding activity with no subsequent effect on NFkB-dependent gene expression. The authors conclude that while RF can activate NFkB and increase DNA binding activity, this does not lead to significant downstream expression of target genes. In a related study using non-RF hyperthermia, the authors demonstrate NFkB-DNA binding activity is blocked by nitric oxide which leads to apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
Findings		Effects
Status		Completed With Publication
Principal Investigator		University of Texas, USA - meltz@uthscsa.edu
Funding Agency		AF, USA
Country		UNITED STATES
References		Natarajan, M et al. Radiation Research, (2006) 165:645-654 Natarajan, M et al. Bioelectromagnetics, (2002) 23:271-277 Aravindan, N et al. J Cell Biochem, (2009) 106:999-1009
Comments		NFkB can be activated by oxidative stress and heat shock - that could be triggered by heating of the culture flask in "hot-spots"