ID Number		512
Study Type		Epidemiology
Model		Amateur radio, mobile phone and other RF exposure and correlation with cancer.
Details		Amateur radio and telegraph operators were analyzed for total tumor, brain tumor, and leukemia & lymphoma incidence. A cohort size of 67,829 was used, with 741 total tumors. A risk ratio of 0.71 was found for all tumors (CI 0.6 - 0.7), a risk ratio of 1.4 was found for brain tumors(95% CI of 0.9 - 2.0), and a risk ratio of 1.4 was found for leukemia & lymphoma (95% CI of 0.8 - 2.2). In the 1988 study, an elevation of certian lymphatic cancers including multiple myelomas and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas was observed, as well as a significant elevation of chronic myeloid leukemia, although analysis of all leukemia types grouped together was not significantly elevated. In a theoretical paper in 2009, the author suggests many cancers in firefighters may not be due to inhaled carcinogens but from RF exposure from 2-way radios and that the precautionary principle should be applied to limit RF exposure.
Findings		Effects
Status		Completed With Publication
Principal Investigator		Washington State Dept. of Social Health, USA - smilham@halcyon.com
Funding Agency		NIOSH, USA
Country		UNITED STATES
References		Milham, S Med Hypotheses., (2009) 73:788-789 Milham, S Am. J. Epidem., (1988) 127:50-54 Kurt, TL et al. Am J Epidemiol, (1988) 128:1384-1385 Milham, S Environ. Health Perspectives, (1985) 62:297-300 Milham, S Lancet, (1985) 1:812- Milham, S Am. J. Epidem., (1988) 128:1175-1176 Milham, S New England J. Med., (1982) 307:249-249 Milham , S US Department of Health and Human Services Publication Number 83-116., (1983) :167 pages.- Milham, S Bioelectromagnetics., (2004) 25:235- Milham, S American journal of epidemiology., (2007) 165:231-
Comments		Potential confounding factors might have included exposure to soldering fumes and degreasing agents, and overrepresentation of a particular social class.