ID Number		504
Study Type		Human / Provocation
Model		Various frequencies (27 MHz AM-42.7 Hz, 0.1Hz to 114 kHz) exposure to humans (intrabucally) and analysis of sleep, relaxation, and potential application in cancer therapy (LEET therapy)
Details		Human subjects exposed to 27 MHz (AM at 42.7 Hz) for 12 x 20 minute treatments 3 times per wk for 4 wks at SARs of < 10 W/kg in the mouth (0.1 W/kg in the brain) delivered intrabucally using an electrically conducting antenna placed inside the mouth (Low energy emission therapy - LEET). LEET therapy decreased sleep onset latency and increased total amount of sleep, although the effects were not consistent in subsequent reports. In a subsequent study, cancer patients (n = 163) were measured for emitted frequencies of electromagnetic radiation and 1524 different frequencies were detected spanning a range of 0.1 Hz to 114 kHz. The authors report many of the frequencies were associated with specific tumor types. When certain patients were treated with these frequencies in addition to their normal chemo and radiation schedule, the authors report some indication of better-than-expected results. AUTHORS' ABSTRACT: Zimmerman et al. 2012 (IEEE #5235): BACKGROUND: There is clinical evidence that very low and safe levels of amplitude-modulated electromagnetic fields administered via an intrabuccal spoon-shaped probe may elicit therapeutic responses in patients with cancer. However, there is no known mechanism explaining the anti-proliferative effect of very low intensity electromagnetic fields. METHODS: To understand the mechanism of this novel approach, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells were exposed to 27.12 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields using in vitro exposure systems designed to replicate in vivo conditions. Cancer cells were exposed to tumour-specific modulation frequencies, previously identified by biofeedback methods in patients with a diagnosis of cancer. Control modulation frequencies consisted of randomly chosen modulation frequencies within the same 100 Hz21 kHz range as cancer-specific frequencies. RESULTS: The growth of HCC and breast cancer cells was significantly decreased by HCC-specific and breast cancer-specific modulation frequencies, respectively. However, the same frequencies did not affect proliferation of nonmalignant hepatocytes or breast epithelial cells. Inhibition of HCC cell proliferation was associated with downregulation of XCL2 and PLP2. Furthermore, HCC-specific modulation frequencies disrupted the mitotic spindle. CONCLUSION: These findings uncover a novel mechanism controlling the growth of cancer cells at specific modulation frequencies without affecting normal tissues, which may have broad implications in oncology. AUTHORS' ABSTRACT: Costa, Kuster, Pasche et al. 2011 (IEEE #5973): BACKGROUND: Therapeutic options for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are limited. There is emerging evidence that the growth of cancer cells may be altered by very low levels of electromagnetic fields modulated at specific frequencies. METHODS: A single-group, open-label, phase I/II study was performed to assess the safety and effectiveness of the intrabuccal administration of very low levels of electromagnetic fields amplitude modulated at HCC-specific frequencies in 41 patients with advanced HCC and limited therapeutic options. Three-daily 60-min outpatient treatments were administered until disease progression or death. Imaging studies were performed every 8 weeks. The primary efficacy end point was progression-free survival ö6 months. Secondary efficacy end points were progression-free survival and overall survival. RESULTS: Treatment was well tolerated and there were no NCI grade 2, 3 or 4 toxicities. In all, 14 patients (34.1%) had stable disease for more than 6 months. Median progression-free survival was 4.4 months (95% CI 2.1-5.3) and median overall survival was 6.7 months (95% CI 3.0-10.2). There were three partial and one near complete responses. CONCLUSION: Treatment with intrabuccally administered amplitude-modulated electromagnetic fields is safe, well tolerated, and shows evidence of antitumour effects in patients with advanced HCC.
Findings		Effects (could not be repeated)
Status		Completed With Publication
Principal Investigator		Symtonic, Switzerland
Funding Agency		Private/Instit.
Country		SWITZERLAND
References		Barbault, A et al. J Exp Clin Cancer Res., (2009) 28:51-(10 pages) Kelly, TL et al. Stress Med., (1997) 13:251-258 Pasche, B et al. Sleep, (1996) 19:327-336 Lebet, JB et al. Ann Biomed Eng, (1996) 24:424-429 Reite, M et al. Bioelectromagnetics, (1994) 15:67-75 Zimmerman, JW et al. Br J Cancer. , (2012) 106:307-313 Costa, FP et al. Br J Cancer., (2011) 105:640-648 Zimmerman, JW et al. Chinese journal of cancer., (2013) 32:573-581
Comments		The authors were affiliated with Symtonic Company that marketed the LEET devices in USA and Switzerland