ID Number		49
Study Type		In Vitro
Model		837, 1900 MHz (CDMA, TDMA, CW) exposure to human lymphocytes and analysis of DNA damage and micronuclei
Details		Human lymphocyte cultures were placed (in suspension) in glass round bottom test tubes and exposed in a modified TEM cell to CDMA, TDMA, and FM RF at 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 W/kg (average) for 3 hours or 24 hours (PCS exposure was performed at 1.6, 3, 5, & 10 W/kg for 3 & 24 hours). In initial studies, no effects on DNA damage by alkaline comet assay were observed. No effects on micronuclei formation were observed at 3 hours. However, after 24 hours of exposure to CDMA, TDMA, PCS or FM signals at 10 W/kg, an increase (~8 fold) in micronuclei was observed as compared to sham treated cells. At 5 W/kg, an increase of lesser magnitude (possibly indicating a dose response) was also observed. No effects were observed at 3 W/kg for 24 hours following exposure to any signal. In follow up studies conducted with Joe Roti Roti and reported at BEMS 2004 in Washington DC, validation / replication studies were conducted using an RTL exposure apparatus with slight modifications to the design (use of petri dishes & culture flasks instead of test tubes, an RTL exposure system in addition to a TEM cell, additional SAR levels of 2.5, 5, and 10 W/kg). The authors report no consistent effect of RF signals on the frequency of MN or DNA damage.
Findings		No Effects
Status		Completed With Publication
Principal Investigator		Integrated Laboratory Systems, USA - rtice@ils-inc.com
Funding Agency		WTR, USA, CTIA, USA
Country		UNITED STATES
References		Tice, RR et al. Bioelectromagnetics, (2002) 23:113-126
Comments		The cells did settle to the bottom ~3mm of the tube after ~10 minutes, and FDTD calculations indicated peak SAR values may have reached as much as 2x the average SAR values in parts of the cell pellet. Follow-up studies are currently being performed as part of a CTIA funded CRADA with the FDA.