ID Number		2801
Study Type		In Vitro
Model		In vitro studies of the effects of millimeter waves on bacteria, other organisms and DNA in solution.
Details		AUTHORS' ABSTRACT: Soghomonyan et al. 2016 (IEEE #7116): Millimeter waves (MMW) or electromagnetic fields of extremely high frequencies at low intensity is a new environmental factor, the level of which is increased as technology advance. It is of interest that bacteria and other cells might communicate with each other by electromagnetic field of sub-extremely high frequency range. These MMW affected Escherichia coli and many other bacteria, mainly depressing their growth and changing properties and activity. These effects were non-thermal and depended on different factors. The significant cellular targets for MMW effects could be water, cell plasma membrane, and genome. The model for the MMW interaction with bacteria is suggested; a role of the membrane-associated proton FOF1-ATPase, key enzyme of bioenergetic relevance, is proposed. The consequences of MMW interaction with bacteria are the changes in their sensitivity to different biologically active chemicals, including antibiotics. Novel data on MMW effects on bacteria and their sensitivity to different antibiotics are presented and discussed; the combined action of MMW and antibiotics resulted with more strong effects. These effects are of significance for understanding changed metabolic pathways and distinguish role of bacteria in environment; they might be leading to antibiotic resistance in bacteria. The effects might have applications in the development of technique, therapeutic practices, and food protection technology. AUTHORS' ABSTRACT: Tadevosyan et a.. 2008 (IEEE #7117): The coherent electromagnetic radiation (EMR) of the frequency of 51.8 and 53 GHz with low intensity (the power flux density of 0.06 mW/cm(2)) affected the growth of Escherichia coli K12(lambda) under fermentation conditions: the lowering of the growth specific rate was considerably (approximately 2-fold) increased with exposure duration of 30-60 min; a significant decrease in the number of viable cells was also shown. Moreover, the enforced effects of the N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD), inhibitor of H(+)-transporting F(0)F(1)-ATPase, on energy-dependent H(+) efflux by whole cells and of antibiotics like tetracycline and chloramphenicol on the following bacterial growth and survival were also determined after radiation. In addition, the lowering in DCCD-inhibited ATPase activity of membrane vesicles from exposed cells was defined. The results confirmed the input of membranous changes in bacterial action of low intensity extremely high frequency EMR, when the F(0)F(1)-ATPase is probably playing a key role. The radiation of bacteria might lead to changed metabolic pathways and to antibiotic resistance. It may also give bacteria with a specific role in biosphere. AUTHORS' ABSTRACT: Torgomyan et al. (IEEE #2118): Exposure to electromagnetic irradiation (EMI) of 51.8 and 53.0 GHz and low intensity (flux capacity of 0.06 mW cm(-2) ) for 1 h markedly decreased the energy-dependent H(+) and K(+) transport across membranes of Enterococcus hirae ATCC 9790. After EMI, there was also a significant decrease of overall and N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD)-sensitive ATPase activity of the membrane vesicles. These measures were considerably lower at 53.0 GHz. EMI in combination with different antibiotics, such as ceftriaxone and kanamycin at their minimal inhibitory concentrations (100 and 200 ¼M, respectively), enhanced bacterial cell growth and altered their membrane transport properties. Total H(+) efflux was most sensitive to ceftriaxone but DCCD-inhibited H(+) efflux and total K(+) influx were sensitive to kanamycin. The results indicate that cell membrane proteins could be a target in the action of EMI and enhanced antibacterial effects in combination with antibiotics. The DCCD-sensitive F(0) F(1) -ATPase or this ATPase in combination with K(+) uptake protein probably plays a key role in these effects. AUTHORS' ABSTRACT: Torgomyan et al.2011 (IEEE #7119): Antibacterial effects of the electromagnetic irradiation (EMI) of 51.8 and 53 GHz frequencies with low intensity (the flux capacity of 0.06 mW/cm(2)) and non-thermal action were investigated upon direct irradiation of E. coli K12. Significant decrease in bacterial growth rate and in the number of viable cells, marked change in H(+) and K(+) transport across membrane were shown. Subsequent addition of kanamycin or ceftriaxone (15 or 0.4 ¼M, respectively) enhanced the effects of irradiation. This was maximally achieved at the frequency of 53 GHz. These all might reveal membrane as probable target for antibacterial effects. Apparently, the action of EMI on bacteria might lead to changed membrane properties and to antibiotic resistance. The results should improve using extremely high frequency EMI in combination with antibiotics in biotechnology, therapeutic practice, and food industry. AUTHORS' ABSTRACT: Torgomyan and Trchounian 2015 (IEEE #7120): The effects of extremely high frequency electromagnetic irradiation and antibiotics on Escherichia coli can create new opportunities for applications in different areasmedicine, agriculture, and food industry. Previously was shown that irradiated bacterial sensitivity against antibiotics was changed. In this work, it was presented the results that irradiation of antibiotics and then adding into growth medium was more effective compared with non-irradiated antibiotics bactericidal action. The selected antibiotics (tetracycline, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, and ceftriaxone) were from different groups. Antibiotics irradiation was performed with low intensity 53 GHz frequency during 1 h. The E. coli growth propertieslag-phase duration and specific growth ratewere markedly changed. Enhanced bacterial sensitivity to irradiated antibiotics is similar to the effects of antibiotics of higher concentrations.
Findings		Effects
Status		Completed With Publication
Principal Investigator		Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia.
Funding Agency		?????
Country		ARMENIA
References		Soghomonyan, D et al. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol., (2016) 100:4761-4771 Tadevosyan, H et al. Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics., (2008) 51:97-103 Torgomyan, H et al. FEMS Microbiology Letters 329:131-137., (2012) 329:131-137 Torgomyan, H et al. Current Microbiology., (2011) 62:962-967 Torgomyan , H et al. Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics., (2015) 71:419-424 Kalantaryan, VP et al. Prog Electromag Res., (2010) 13:1-9 Torgomyan, H et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun., (2011) 414:265-269 Torgomyan, HV et al. Cell Biochem Biophys., (2011) 60:275-281 Torgomyan, H et al. Cell Biochem Biophys., (2012) 65:445-454 Soghomonyan, D et al. Cell Biochem Biophys., (2013) 67:829-835 Hovnanyan, K et al. Lett Appl microbiol., (2017) 65:220-225
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