ID Number		2515
Study Type		In Vivo
Model		The brain of mice exposed to whole body 2100 MHz at 0.45, 1.8 and 3.6 W/kg for 1 h daily for 8 weeks were examined for differentially expressing genes using high-density oligonucleotide arrays, with genes showing more significant differences further confirmed by RT-PCR.
Details		AUTHORS' ABSTRACT: Zhao et al. 2015 (IEEE #6144): Objective To gain a better understanding of gene expression changes in the brain following microwave exposure in mice. This study hopes to reveal mechanisms contributing to microwave- induced learning and memory dysfunction. Methods Mice were exposed to whole body 2100 MHz microwaves with specific absorption rates (SARs) of 0.45 W/kg, 1.8 W/kg, and 3.6 W/kg for 1 hour daily for 8 weeks. Differentially expressing genes in the brains were screened using high-density oligonucleotide arrays, with genes showing more significant differences further confirmed by RT-PCR. Results The gene chip results demonstrated that 41 genes (0.45 W/kg group), 29 genes (1.8 W/kg group), and 219 genes (3.6 W/kg group) were differentially expressed. GO analysis revealed that these differentially expressed genes were primarily involved in metabolic processes, cellular metabolic processes, regulation of biological processes, macromolecular metabolic processes, biosynthetic processes, cellular protein metabolic processes, transport, developmental processes, cellular component organization, etc. KEGG pathway analysis showed that these genes are mainly involved in pathways related to ribosome, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, long-term potentiation, Huntington's disease, and Neurotrophin signaling. Construction of a protein interaction network identified several important regulatory genes including synbindin (sbdn), Crystallin (CryaB), PPP1CA, Ywhaq, Psap, Psmb1, Pcbp2, etc., which play important roles in the processes of learning and memory. Conclusion Long-term, low-level microwave exposure may inhibit learning and memory by affecting protein and energy metabolic processes and signaling pathways relating to neurological functions or diseases.
Findings		Effects
Status		Completed With Publication
Principal Investigator		Astronaut Research and Training Center of China, B
Funding Agency		?????
Country		CHINA
References		Zhao, YL et al. Biomedical and Environmental Sciences. , (2015) 28:558-570 Yang, ZZ et al. Biomed Environ Sci., (2022) 35:552-557
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