ID Number		2499
Study Type		In Vitro
Model		Research and research perspectives from Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia.
Details		AUTHORS' ABSTRACT: Kumar et al. 2011 (IEEE #5029): PURPOSE: This study was designed to investigate the effect of a 900-MHz continuous-wave (CW) radiofrequency radiation (RFR) exposure on the hematopoietic system in the rat. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rat long bones (femur and tibia) were divided into two groups: Sham-exposed and radiofrequency (RF)-exposed. The mean Specific energy Absorption Rate (SAR) at 900-MHz averaged over the bone marrow (calculated by the finite-difference-time-domain ( fdtD) method) was 2 W/kg at 16.7 W root mean square (rms) forward power into a Transverse Electromagnetic (TEM) cell. The bones, placed in a Petri dish containing media, were kept in the TEM cell for 30 min duration of sham or RF exposure. After exposure, the bone marrow cells were extracted and the following end points were tested: (a) Proliferation rate of whole bone marrow cells, (b) maturation rate of erythrocytes, (c) proliferation rate of lymphocytes, and (d) DNA damage (strand breaks/alkali labile sites) of lymphocytes. RESULTS: Our data did not indicate any significant change in the proliferation rate of bone marrow cells and lymphocytes, erythrocyte maturation rate and DNA damage of lymphocytes. CONCLUSION: Our findings revealed no effect on the hematopoietic system in rats for 900 MHz CW RF exposure at the 2 W/kg localised SAR limit value recommended by the International Commission for Non-Ionising Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) for public exposures. AUTHORS' ABSTRACT: Kumar et al. 2015 (IEEE #6044): Purpose: In our earlier study we reported that 900 MHz continuous wave (CW) radiofrequency radiation (RFR) exposure (2 W/kg specific absorption rate [SAR]) had no significant effect on the hematopoietic system of rats. In this paper we extend the scope of the previous study by testing for possible effects at: (i) different SAR levels; (ii) both 900 and 1800 MHz, and; (iii) both CW and pulse modulated (PM) RFR. Materials and methods: Excised long bones from rats were placed in medium and RFR exposed in (i) a Transverse Electromagnetic (TEM) cell or (ii) a waveguide. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) numerical analyses were used to estimate forward power needed to produce nominal SAR levels of 2/10 and 2.5/12.4 W/kg in the bone marrow. After exposure, the lymphoblasts were extracted and assayed for proliferation rate, and genotoxicity. Results: Our data did not indicate any significant change in these end points for any combination of CW/PM exposure at 900/1800 MHz at SAR levels of nominally 2/10 W/kg or 2.5/12.4 W/kg. Conclusions: No significant changes were observed in the hematopoietic system of rats after the exposure of CW/PM wave 900 MHz/1800 MHz RF radiations at different SAR values. AUTHORS' ABSTRACT: Wood et al. 2016 (IEEE #6496): The question of whether electromagnetic fields from electric power or telecommunications systems can be linked unequivocally to health detriments has occupied scientific research endeavors for nearly half a century. For 25 years, the bioelectromagnetic research group at Swinburne University in Melbourne, Australia, has pursued a series of investigations with relevant endpoints, such as neurophysiological and neuropsychological effects, cell calcium level changes, proliferation, and genotoxic effects. Most have shown no significant changes due to fields, however, in some pilot studies significant changes were revealed, but in most cases these were not replicated in follow-up studies. This highlights a feature of this research area, generally; the unambiguous identification of small changes in noisy data where the understanding of possible interaction mechanisms is lacking. On the other hand, mathematical modelling studies, particularly with respect to fields near metallic implants, in workers exposed to fields in harsh environmental conditions and at very high frequencies (THz), continue to add to the expanding knowledge database on the characteristics of the complex electromagnetic environment we live in today. AUTHOR'S CONCLUSIONS: Wood 2019 (IEEE 6960): In order to work within a PNS framework in which high stakes and uncertainties exist, a number of measures have been suggested to improve the quality of assessment and allow better public trust. These include a Bioelectromagnetics-specific data repository which can be mined for reporting or analysis; a commitment to Open Science with extended participation by all stakeholders; better review protocols with agreed quality measures; the use of additional sanity checks and sensitivity analyses; and greater time for reflection, particularly in relation to major reviews and better forums for discussion. Encouragement should be given to pre-registration of protocols and provisional acceptance of papers prior to the collection and analysis of data to prevent hypothesizing after the results are known. All participants, particularly those undertaking reviews to inform public policy, should avoid speaking in the name of science. Rather, they need to work deliberatively within the imperfections of the scientific method, with a careful appreciation of uncertainty and ignorance, in an open and transparent manner.
Findings		No Effects
Status		Completed With Publication
Principal Investigator		Swinburne U of Technolog, Hawthorn, Victoria, Aust
Funding Agency		?????
Country		AUSTRALIA
References		Kumar , G et al. Int J Radiat Biol., (2011) 87:231-240 Kumar, G et al. International Journal of Radiation Biology., (2015) 91:664-672 Wood, AW et al. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health., (2016) 13:pii: E950.-(14 pages) Wood, AW Bioelectromagnetics., (2019) Epub ahead of print]:-
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