ID Number		1861
Study Type		In Vivo
Model		849 and 1763 MHz (CDMA) exposure to mice and analysis of brain cell proliferation and apoptosis
Details		C57/BL mice (n = 120 total) were exposed (following 1 week of adaptation) to either a 849 MHz or 1763 MHz signal (both with CDMA modulation) from a central sleeve dipole antenna in a carrousel system to provide a head-directed exposure. Exposures lasted 1 hour/day, 5 days/week for either 6 or 12 months and resulted in a brain average SAR of 7.8 W/kg. SAR was determined both numerically using FDTD and a mouse model developed by the US Air Force Research Lab with 25 different tissue layers as well as experimentally using a fluoroptic temperature probes inserted into either mouse cadavers or tissue equivalent phantoms. Male and female mice (20 animals per group) were either sham exposed or exposed to the 849 MHz or 1763 MHz signal. At both 6 and 12 month time points, 10 animals from each group were sacrificed and examined. No significant changes were observed in body weight of exposed males or females when compared to sham animals, suggesting no significant stress effects due to the RF exposure (above the restraint and handling itself). The authors report no effect of 849 MHz or 1763 MHz exposure on gross morphology of hippocampal and cerebral brain tissue sections using common H & E staining or on cell proliferation by histological examination of sections with antibodies for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA or cyclin). The similar PCNA staining patterns between exposed and sham sections within neuronal progenitor cell areas also indicated no obvious effect on neuronal distribution or differentiation. There was no detectable increase when the brain tissue sections were analyzed for DNA fragmentation (a common indicator of apoptotic cell death) using a standard TUNEL assay. Finally, staining of sections with NeuN (a neuronal cell marker) and GFAP (a glial cell marker) confirmed no obvious difference in the distribution of neuronal and glial cells throughout the brain as well as in progenitor areas. GFAP staining also demonstrated no evidence of significant gliosis (a common response to injury). The authors conclude the data presented here suggest that exposure to 849 MHz and 1763 MHz of RF radiation from mobile phones at a 7.8 W/kg SAR does not change the pattern of neuronal and glial cells in hippocampus and cerebellum of C57BL mice.
Findings		No Effects
Status		Completed With Publication
Principal Investigator		Seoul National University, Korea - jeongsun@snu.ac.kr
Funding Agency		EMF Project, Korea, MIC Korea, ETRI, Korea
Country		KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
References		Kim, TH et al. Adv Exp Mol Med, (2008) 40:294-303
Comments		Extension of prior reports from Seoul National University and the Korean Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences of in vitro work (Korean Meeting on EMF Bioeffects 2002; WHO Meeting on EMF Biological Effects Seoul, Korea 2001, Lee JJ et al, Bioelectromagnetics 2008 in press)