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TK6 human lymphoblastoid cells were exposed to 1.9 GHz (GSM) RF for 6 hours (5 minutes on - 10 minutes off) at 0.1, 1 or 10 W/kg and analyzed for gene expression on a gene chip. The authors report no changes in the expression levels of c-fos, c-myc, c-jun, hsp27, or hsp70. Heat control resulted in elevation of c-fos, c-jun, hsp27, and hsp70 and a decrease in c-myc. In subsequent studies using U87MG glioblastoma cells as well as TK6 and MM6 monocytic cells, the authors report no effects of exposure as above, or using a 24 hour exposure followed by a 6 hour recovery period to look for late onset expression changes. Again no consistent effect of RF exposure on gene expression was reported, although the heat shock controls did show consistent stress response changes. A subsequent paper (2007) reported similar exposure did not result in any significant DNA damage, no apoptosis, and no elevated cytokine levels.
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