ID Number		1616
Study Type		Human / Provocation
Model		900 MHz (GSM) exposure of human volunteers and analysis of gene expression and protein phosphorylation from skin samples
Details		Human volunteers (n = 10) exposed on the skin to 900 MHz (GSM) for 1 hour at 1.3 W/kg. Protein expression patterns analyzed on 2-D gels from punch biopsies against non-exposed patches of skin for changes. The authors report 8 protein spots that seemed to be affected in at least 4 of the 10 volunteers, with two of these common to all volunteers. Both increases and decreases in spots were reported. Prior characterization of the exposure system described a forearm exposure using a 900 MHz GSM signal with the antenna 1cm from the skin with FDTD analysis estimating an average SAR dose of 13 W/kg/W and a peak of 16 W/kg/W (suggesting peak SAR in the human study of 1.6 W/kg).
Findings		Effects
Status		Completed With Publication
Principal Investigator		STUK, Helsinki, Finland - dariusz.leszczynski@stuk.fi
Funding Agency		Nat'l Res Prog, Finland, HERMO
Country		FINLAND
References		Karinen, A et al. BMC Genomics, (2008) 9:77- Toivonen, T et al. Bioelectromagnetics, (2007) :-
Comments		The study is a follow-up to in vitro studies in EA.hy926 cells. Re: the exposure system, varying skin thickness (0.5-2 mm) did not significantly change SAR (+/- 2%), varying fat layer (1-5 mm) changed SAR from -2% to +10%, dry vs. moist skin changed SAR by 3%, changing cylinder diameter of exposure apparatus changed SAR 8%. Total uncertainty estimated at ~20%, with the largest uncertainty factor being the distance of the antenna to the skin during actual exposures. Spots were not identified, and the SD is larger than the effect in most cases.