ID Number		1601
Study Type		Engineering & Physics
Model		900, 1500 MHz (PDC) exposure and modeling of SAR distribution using vascularized human MRI-based FDTD models (including child vs. adult)
Details		Human models of adult and infant heads were used to calculate SAR due to cell phone exposure (900 MHz and 1.5 GHz) using FDTD calculations. The authors report peak temperatures of 0.3 - 0.07 degrees C, with the peak in the adult head model being slightly higher than in the infant head model. The average temperature in each tissue was 0.0058 degrees or less, and was higher in the infant than the adult model for most tissues. The brain received an average temperature elevation of 0.0058 degrees C. In addition, the authors report that antenna impedance plays an important role in peak SAR level. Further studies reported at the WHO sponsored Asia-Pacific conference on EMF in Thailand in February 2004 suggested higher water content and dielectric properties in children and infants, although still no significant increase in peak SAR penetration depth. An empirical formula for the complex permittivity of various tissues as a function of ages according to the total body water revealed childrens dielectric properties do not significantly affect spatial peak SAR or penetration depth. The authors also performed a number of theoretical calculations looking at the levels of RF absorption in the human head and eye and compared these to current safety standard limits. The authors have reported that with RF exposure up to 300 MHz, resonant peak in whole-body SAR does not appear in exposures from a small nearby source.
Findings		Not Applicable to Bioeffects
Status		Completed With Publication
Principal Investigator		Nagoya Institute of Technology, Japan - wang@nitech.ac.jp;fujiwara@odin.elcom.nitech.ac.jp
Funding Agency		MIC, Japan
Country		JAPAN
References		Yano, M et al. Electronics and Communications in Japan, (2001) 84:1136-1144 Wang, O et al. IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Tech, (2003) 51:966-971 Wang, J et al. IEICE Trans Comm., (2000) E83 B:549-554 Wang, J et al. IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Tech, (1999) 47:1528-1534
Comments		Similar results on head SAR (adult vs. child) were obtained by Van Leeuwen (333), Wainwright (539), Wang (723), and Bernardi (763)