ID Number		1573
Study Type		In Vitro
Model		RF (1800 MHz, GSM) and ELF exposure to cell lines and analysis of cellular responses (hsp70 expression, oxidative stress parameters, etc).
Details		Mono Mac 6 monocytic leukemia and K562 erythro leukemia cells were stimulated (to induce reactive oxygen species) and exposed to 1800 MHz (CW, GSM) for 1 hour at SARs between 0.5 and 2 W/kg, and subsequently kept in the incubator for 2 hrs prior to analysis. GSM exposure was performed using various delayed transmission (DTx) protocols to further simulate actual mobile phone exposure conditions. The authors report no effects in hsp70 protein, although there was a significant increase in superoxide anions in one of the GSM exposure groups (with DTx) at 2 W/kg when compared to sham, but not when compared to incubator controls (i.e., the sham group decreased with respect to incubator controls). In a related study using the same exposure and in vitro system, the authors report that co-exposure to ultra fine particles (simulating environmental pollutants) and mobile phone-type RF did not effect hsp70 expression or any of the oxidative stress parameters examined. The authors conclude that RF exposure has no effect on hsp70 induction or oxidative stress. In folow-on studies, human umbilical cord lymphocytes were exposed (similar to studies above) to 1800 MHz (GSM) RF, either with DTx (hearing only) or without (Talk Mode) for 30-45 minutes at an average SAR of 2 W/kg. In related studies, Mono Mac 6 lymphocytes were exposed to 1800 MHz (GSM) with or without DTX at 2 W/kg for 12 to 72 hours. Neither exposure condition resulted in significant changes in apoptosis, necrosis, cell cycle progression, or BrdU uptake. Exposures in the above studies were performed with or without PMA (phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate) as an agent to initiate oxidative stress. The authors report no effect of RF exposure on oxidative stress products or hsp 70 gene expression. Interstingly, the group did observe a decrease in oxidative stress in sham vs incubator control samples, but no explanation for these effects were provided. In a 2006 study Additional studies looking at phagocytosis, free radical production, gene expression, and interleukin formation in bone marrow macrophages are ongoing. AUTHORS' ABSTRACT: Mattsson and Simko 2014 (IEEE #5999): A large body of literature deals with biological effects of extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF MFs) studied in vitro. Despite the multitude of studies, no coherent picture has evolved regarding the plausibility of effects at low-flux densities or regarding the interaction mechanisms. Here, we propose that ELF MF exposure in vitro causes changes in oxidative status as an early response. We tested this hypothesis by scrutinizing the literature and applying a grouping approach for analyzing relevant biological properties and exposure conditions. A total of 41 scientific original publications were analyzed for this purpose. The conclusion from the work is that ELF MF (modulated or unmodulated) consistently can influence the oxidative status, at or above 1 mT, in a broad range of cell types and independent of exposure duration. A response at lower flux densities is seen in certain studies, although not consistently. Further studies with stringent protocols for sham exposure, blinding, and statistical analysis as well as appropriate positive controls are needed to establish if true dose-relationships for effects on oxidative status exist.
Findings		No Effects
Status		Completed With Publication
Principal Investigator		University of Rostock, Germany
Funding Agency		FGF, Germany, BfS, Germany, DMF, Germany
Country		GERMANY
References		Simko, M Curr Med Chem, (2007) 14:1141-1152 Lantow, M et al. Radiat Environ Biophys, (2006) 45:55-62 Lantow, M et al. Radiation Research, (2006) 166:539-543 Lantow, M et al. Radiation Research, (2006) 165:88-94 Simko, M et al. Toxicol Lett, (2006) 161:73-82 Mattsson , MO et al. Frontiers in Public Health., (2014) 2 (Article 132):1-11 Simko, M et al. J. Cell. Biochem., (2004) 93:83-92
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