ID Number		1545
Study Type		In Vitro
Model		2450 MHz (CW, PW) exposure to HL60 cells and analysis of gene expression by SAGE
Details		HL-60 cells were exposed to 2450 MHz (CW, PW) at 10 W/kg for 2 or 6 hours in a waveguide system and analyzed for changes in gene expression using SAGE (serial analysis of gene expression - involves internal tags and targets both poly-A and non-poly A transcripts). The authors report 100s of changes in expression due to exposure (cut-off threshold >/= 4 x difference). For 2 hr exposure, the authors report 221 transcript changes, 185 being known genes. For the 6-hour sample, there were 759 transcript changes, including 628 known genes. There were 70 transcripts showing similar effects between the 2 and 6 hr exposure samples. In neither case were any of the heat shock transcripts changes, suggesting no heating effects. A recent (2006) publication in Proteomics describes the value of SAGE in identifying possible gene targets responding to non-thermal RF.
Findings		Effects
Status		Completed With Publication
Principal Investigator		Northwestern University
Funding Agency		AF, USA
Country		UNITED STATES
References		Wang, SM Proteomics, (2006) 8:4765-4768 Lee, S et al. FEBS Lett, (2005) 579:4829-4836
Comments		Although the temperature in the flasks was reported as 37 +/- 0.2 degrees, heating artifacts at 10 W/kg might have been possible (although hsp transcripts were not elevated, protein and phosphorylation were not examined). There was no apparent pattern of gene expression between the 2 and 6 hr exposures (89% of the transcripts were different), or agreement with other reports in the literature. The results are in contrast to Leszynski et al, which report significant increases in hsp messages and protein levels and phosphorylation. The authors conclusions of cell responses involving slowed cell division and apoptosis are also in contrast to other functional studies in the literature showing no effect on these parameters.