ID Number		1542
Study Type		Human / Provocation
Model		900 MHz (GSM), 2 GHz (UMTS) and TETRA exposure to humans and analysis of EEG, ERP, sleep, cognitive function and warmth perception in the head.
Details		Human subjects (n = 30) exposed to 900 MHz (GSM) or 2 GHz (UMTS) RF at ~2 W/kg (peak) and analyzed for effects on sleep, EEG (spontaneous waking EEG), event related potentials, and cognitive function. The authors preliminarily reported some indications of more stable sleep and increased REM duration with exposure, although overall these findings were not statistically significant. At subsequent meetings they reported no effect on sleep initiation, maintenance, cyclicity, or spindle characteristics during sleep. In test of cognitive function, the authors reported at BEMS 2008 that RF did not have an effect, but time of day did (hence the importance of tight control in the study design). AUTHORS' ABSTRACT: Dorn et al. 2014 (IEEE #5695): An experimental investigation of warming and warmth perception caused by handset EMF exposure was performed in order to examine its possible impact on blinding. Healthy male participants (15) were exposed to three different exposure conditions: sham and Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA) handsets with maximum 10 g averaged SAR values of 1.5 and 6 W/kg each on three days. The study followed a randomized, double-blind design. TETRA signals simulated exposure from a handheld device consisting of a 385 MHz carrier modulated with a pulse length of 14.17 ms and a pulse period of 56.67 ms (i.e., duty cycle 25%; 17.65 Hz pulse modulation). A body worn antenna was used and fixed at the left ear. In addition to subjective ratings, skin temperatures at two locations close to the radiating element of the body-worn antenna were measured. The measurements revealed a temperature rise proportional to the supplied RF power with an average temperature increase measured at the two locations of 0.8 °C following the high exposure level of 6 W/kg. However, subjects were not able to distinguish between exposure conditions based on their subjective perception and thus the double-blinding was ensured. AUTHORS' ABSTRACT: Danker-Hopfe et al. 2016 (IEEE #6302): BACKGROUND: Studies on effects of radio frequency-electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) on the macrostructure of sleep so far yielded inconsistent results. This study investigated whether possible effects of RF-EMF exposure differ between individuals. OBJECTIVE: In a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled cross-over study possible effects of electromagnetic fields emitted by pulsed Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) 900 and Wideband Code-Division Multiple Access (WCDMA)/Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (WCDMA/UMTS) devices on sleep were analysed. METHODS: Thirty healthy young men (range 18-30 years) were exposed three times per exposure condition while their sleep was recorded. Sleep was evaluated according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine standard and eight basic sleep variables were considered. RESULTS: Data analyses at the individual level indicate that RF-EMF effects are observed in 90% of the individuals and that all sleep variables are affected in at least four subjects. While sleep of participants was affected in various numbers, combinations of sleep variables and in different directions, showing improvements but also deteriorations, the only consistent finding was an increase of stage R sleep under GSM 900MHz exposure (9 of 30 subjects) as well as under WCDMA/UMTS exposure (10 of 30 subjects). CONCLUSIOn: The results underline that sleep of individuals can be affected differently. The observations found here may indicate an underlying thermal mechanism of RF-EMF on human REM sleep. Nevertheless, the effect of an increase in stage R sleep in one third of the individuals does not necessarily indicate a disturbance of sleep.
Findings		No Effects
Status		Completed With Publication
Principal Investigator		Charite Universittsmedizin, Berlin FRG - heidi.danker-hopf@charite.de
Funding Agency		FGF, Germany, BfS, Germany, DMF, Germany
Country		GERMANY
References		Danker-Hopfe, H et al. Somnologie, (2005) 9:192-198 Danker-Hopfe , H et al. Am J Hum Biol., (2010) 22(5):613-618 Sauter , C et al. Bioelectromagnetics., (2011) 32:179-190 Danker-Hopfe, H et al. J Sleep Res. , (2011) 20:73-81 Dorn, H et al. Bioelectromagnetics., (2014) 35:452-458 Danker-Hopfe, H et al. Environ Res., (2016) 145:50-60 Danker-Hopfe, H et al. Bioelectromagnetics., (2019) 40:291-318 Danker-Hopfe, H et al. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health., (2020) 228:113550- Danker-Hopfe, H et al. Environmental Research Volume 183, April 2020, 109181 , (2020) 183:109181-(10 pages) Schmid, G et al. Bioelectromagnetics., (2020) 41:230-240 Eggert, T et al. Environ Res., (2020) 191:110173- Eggert, T et al. Environmental research., (2015) 143:112-122 Sauter, C et al. Environ Res., (2015) 140:85-94 Pophof, B et al. Environ Int., (2021) 157:106783-
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