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EMF Study
(Database last updated on Mar 27, 2024)
ID Number |
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121 |
Study Type |
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Engineering & Physics |
Model |
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900, 1800 MHz (GSM) exposure to cardiac pacemakers and analysis of electromagnetic interference |
Details |
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231 different pacemaker models of 20 manufacturers were tested with the aid of an in vitro measuring set up, whether incompatibility with phones of the C-, D- and E-net may happen. If the pulse generator was interfered, a "maximum interference distance" was defined as the gap up to which interference happened. Out of 231 pulse generator models 106 pieces (45.9%) were interfered either by C- or D-net, if both are summed up. Seperated into C- or D-net interference the result is 30.7 % or 34.2 % respectively of all models tested. All models were resistant against the E-net. A distance of 25 cm was sufficient to guarantee integrity of the pacemaker with respect to mobile phones. Portables should have a distance of about half a meter. |
Findings |
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Not Applicable to Bioeffects |
Status |
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Completed Without Publication |
Principal Investigator |
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Justus-Liebig-Univ., FRG
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Funding Agency |
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FGF, Germany
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Country |
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GERMANY |
References |
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Comments |
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FGF database ID# D3, FGF contract# 5929 |
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