ID Number		1050
Study Type		In Vivo
Model		Long-term studies (two year and multigeneration) of rats exposed to RF fields [1.4 (PDC), 2 GHz (w-CDMA and 2.14 GHz) and analysis of brain tumor promotion (ENU-initiated two-year bioassay) and brain function (multigeneration study) including histopathology.
Details		Fisher 344 rats (pregnant at gestation day 18) were injected with ENU to induce brain tumors in offspring, and offspring (n=200 males, 200 females) were either used as cage controls or exposed to 1.439 GHz (PDC) at an average brain SAR of either 0 (sham), 0.67 or 2.0 W/kg for 1.5 hours per day, 5 days per week, for 104 weeks (each group = 50 male, 50 female rats). No increases were observed in brain or spinal cord tumor development / progression (a decrease in pituitary gland and frontal lobe tumors was observed in male rats, but the validity and significance of this was not clear to the authors). There were no effects on survival, body mass or internal organ weights. The authors conclude that the results do not indicate any adverse effects from the long-term use of mobile phones on the development of brain tumors. A related study was performed similar to that above, but using 2.0 GHz (W-CDMA) exposure in ENU-initiated rats (n=500, divided into 5 groups: cage control, sham, RF 2 W/kg, ENU + RF 0.67 W/kg, ENU + RF 2 W/kg. RF exposure consisted of 2.0 GHz W-CDMA for 1.5 hours daily, 5 days weekly, 104 weeks. Relevant dosimetry provided in a previous papers. The authors report no acceleration of ENU-induced brain tumor development. No RF effects on general histopathology, body weight, food consumption, survival, development, sensory functions and reflex, ACTH, corticosterone, melatonin, or reproductive ability and organs. Skin fibromas and large granular lymphocytic leukemia incidence was decreased in RF exposed animals. AUTHORS' ABSTRACT: Shirai et al. 2014 (IEEE #5793): The present experimental study was carried out with rats to evaluate the effects of whole body exposure to 2.14 GHz band code division multiple access (W-CDMA) signals for 20 h a day, over three generations. The average specific absorption rate (SAR, in unit of W/kg) for dams was designed at three levels: high (<0.24 W/kg), low (<0.08 W/kg), and 0 (sham exposure). Pregnant mothers (4 rats/group) were exposed from gestational day (GD) 7 to weaning and then their offspring (F1 generation, 4 males and 4 females/dam, respectively) were continuously exposed until 6 weeks of age. The F1 females were mated with F1 males at 11 weeks old, and then starting from GD 7, they were exposed continuously to the electromagnetic field (EMF; one half of the F1 offspring was used for mating, that is, two of each sex per dam and 8 males and 8 females/group, except for all offspring for the functional development tests). This protocol was repeated in the same manner on pregnant F2 females and F3 pups; the latter were killed at 10 weeks of age. No abnormalities were observed in the mother rats (F0 , F1 , and F2 ) and in the offspring (F1 , F2 , and F3 ) in any biological parameters, including neurobehavioral function. Thus, it was concluded that under the experimental conditions applied, multigenerational whole body exposure to 2.14 GHz W-CDMA signals for 20 h/day did not cause any adverse effects on the F1 , F2 , and F3 offspring.
Findings		No Effects
Status		Completed With Publication
Principal Investigator		Nagoya City University Medical School, Japan - tshirai@med.nagoya-cu.ac.jp
Funding Agency		MIC, Japan
Country		JAPAN
References		Shirai, T et al. Bioelectromagnetics., (2007) 28:562-572 Shirai , T et al. Bioelectromagnetics, (2005) 26:59-68 Shirai, T et al. Bioelectromagnetics., (2014) 35:497-511
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